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An Evaluation of the Tax Audit Process in Nigeria: A Study of the FIRS Lagos Office

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Background of the Study

Tax audits are essential for ensuring compliance and detecting evasion in tax administration. In Nigeria, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) conducts audits to verify taxpayer declarations, assess liabilities, and recover evaded taxes. However, the tax audit process is often criticized for inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and delays that discourage voluntary compliance (Chukwu & Nwachukwu, 2024).

The FIRS Lagos Office plays a pivotal role in revenue collection given Lagos’ status as Nigeria’s commercial hub. Despite significant contributions to national revenue, the tax audit process in Lagos is hampered by challenges such as inadequate manpower, outdated auditing tools, and taxpayer resistance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the tax audit process in Nigeria, focusing on the FIRS Lagos Office.

Statement of the Problem

Inefficiencies in Nigeria’s tax audit process have led to revenue leakages and poor compliance rates. Audits are often delayed due to manual procedures, resource constraints, and lack of proper coordination between taxpayers and auditors. Furthermore, disputes arising from audit outcomes create additional bottlenecks, eroding taxpayer trust and compliance (Okeke & Lawal, 2023).

While previous studies highlight the importance of tax audits, few have analyzed their practical challenges in Nigeria’s context. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the tax audit process in the FIRS Lagos Office, focusing on its challenges and opportunities for improvement.

Objectives of the Study

  1. To analyze the effectiveness of the tax audit process in the FIRS Lagos Office.
  2. To identify challenges affecting the tax audit process in Lagos.
  3. To propose strategies for improving the tax audit process in Nigeria.

Research Questions

  1. How effective is the tax audit process in the FIRS Lagos Office?
  2. What challenges affect the tax audit process in Lagos?
  3. What strategies can enhance the efficiency of tax audits in Nigeria?

Research Hypotheses

  1. H₀: The tax audit process in the FIRS Lagos Office is not effective.
  2. H₀: Challenges in the tax audit process do not significantly affect its efficiency.
  3. H₀: Proposed strategies will not significantly improve tax audits in Nigeria.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focuses on tax audits conducted by the FIRS Lagos Office between 2023 and 2025. The scope excludes audits conducted by state tax agencies. Limitations include restricted access to internal audit reports and reliance on interviews for data collection.

Definitions of Terms

  • Tax Audit: The examination of tax returns to ensure accuracy and compliance with tax laws.
  • FIRS: The Federal Inland Revenue Service, responsible for tax administration in Nigeria.
  • Audit Process: The steps involved in reviewing and assessing taxpayer compliance.




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